1. Bresadola M. Medicine and science in the life of Luigi Galvani (1737-1798). Brain Res Bull 1998;46:367–380.
2. Holmes FL. The old martyr of science: the frog in experimental physiology. J Hist Biol 1993;26:311–328.
3. Cajavilca C, Varon J, Sternbach GL. Resuscitation great. Luigi Galvani and the foundations of electrophysiology. Resuscitation 2009;80:159–162.
4. Parent A. Giovanni Aldini: from animal electricity to human brain stimulation. Can J Neurol Sci 2004;31:576–584.
5. Dougan A. Raising the dead: the men who created Frankenstein. Edinburgh: Birlinn, 2008.
6. Cohn AE. The galvanometer. Am Heart J 1969;77:434–435.
7. Finger S, Wade NJ. The neuroscience of Helmholtz and the theories of Johannes Müller. Part 1: Nerve cell structure, vitalism, and the nerve impulse. J Hist Neurosci 2002;11:136–155.
8. Ormerod W. Richard Caton (1842-1926): pioneer electrophysiologist and cardiologist. J Med Biogr 2006;14:30–35.
9. Hoff TL. Gall’s psychophysiological concept of function: the rise and decline of “internal essence”. Brain Cogn 1992;20:378–398.
10. Marshall JC, Gurd JM. Franz Joseph Gall: genius or charlatan? J Neurolinguistics 1994;8:289–293.
11. Simpson D. Phrenology and the neurosciences: contributions of F. J. Gall and J. G. Spurzheim. ANZ J Surg 2005;75:475–482.
12. Rawlings CE 3rd, Rossitch E Jr. Franz Josef Gall and his contribution to neuroanatomy with emphasis on the brain stem. Surg Neurol 1994;42:272–275.
14. Greenblatt SH. Phrenology in the science and culture of the 19th century. Neurosurgery 1995;37:790–805.
15. Fulton JF. The early phrenological societies and their journals. Boston Med Surg J 1927;196:398–400.
16. Marshall JC, Gurd JM. Johann Gasper Spurzheim: quack or thomist? J Neurolinguistics 1996;9:297–299.
17. Wickens AP. A history of the brain. London: Psychology Press, 2015.
18. Walsh AA. George Combe: a portrait of a heretofore generally unknown behaviorist. J Hist Behav Sci 1971;7:269–278.
19. Pearce JM. Marie-Jean-Pierre Flourens (1794-1867) and cortical localization. Eur Neurol 2009;61:311–314.
20. Flourens MJ. Phrenology examined. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Hogan and Thompson. Reprinted. In: Robinson DN. Significant contribution to the history of psychology, vol. Ⅱ. Washington D.C.: HUniversity Publications of America, 1846.
22. Benton AL. Contributions to aphasia before Broca. Cortex 1964;1:314–327.
23. Marx O. Aphasia studies and language theory in the 19th century. Bull Hist Med 1966;40:328–349.
24. Berker EA, Berker AH, Smith A. Translation of Broca’s 1865 report. Localization of speech in the third left frontal convolution. Arch Neurol 1986;43:1065–1072.
25. Finger S. Paul Broca (1824-1880). J Neurol 2004;251:769–770.
26. Morgan JP. The first reported case of electrical stimulation of the human brain. J Hist Med Allied Sci 1982;37:51–64.